When consumers are amazed by the wide color gamut of mobile phone screens and praise the precise colors of in-car displays, the TFT color screen structure that supports these experiences is undergoing a comprehensive innovation from basic units to system integration. Recently, enterprises such as BOE and LG Display have jointly released technological achievements of color screen structures, showing that by optimizing pixel arrangement, innovating color film processes and reconstructing driving architectures, TFT color screens have achieved multiple breakthroughs in color performance, response speed and lifespan stability, injecting new momentum into the high-end display market.
The color presentation of TFT color screens is essentially the result of the collaborative action of a multi-layer structure composed of "backlight layer - polarizer - TFT array - color film - pixel electrode". Among them, color film and pixel arrangement are the core links for color reproduction, and they have long been the focus of technological breakthroughs. At the 2025 International Display Technology Conference, BOE's "rhombic pixel RGBW" structure sparked discussions - compared to the traditional RGB pixel arrangement, this structure adds a white sub-pixel between the red, green and blue sub-pixels, combined with its self-developed color resist material, not only increases the light transmittance by 45%, but also breaks through the NTSC color gamut coverage to 110%, and at the same time solves the problem of the traditional RGBW screen having a pale color.
"The upgrade of the color film material is the basis for structural optimization." Wang Lei, the director of the Display Technology Research Institute of BOE, said in an interview. The acrylic-based color film used in traditional TFT color screens has problems such as poor light resistance and rapid color fading. Its lifespan in outdoor display scenarios is usually less than 20,000 hours. However, the newly developed polyimide base color film improves light resistance to over 80,000 hours through the introduction of nanoscale pigment particle dispersion technology, and the color deviation is controlled at the industry-leading level of ΔE < 1. This material has been applied to the TFT-OLED screens of the Huawei Mate 70 series, and it can still maintain accurate color reproduction even in extreme lighting conditions.
Apart from the pixel and color filter structure at the front end, the innovation of the TFT array's driving structure is also crucial. LG Display introduced the "double-gate TFT" structure, which broke the current limit of single-gate driving current and achieved precise control of pixel brightness by integrating two thin-film transistors in each pixel unit. This structure reduced the screen response time from the traditional 15ms to within 3ms, completely eliminating the ghosting phenomenon when playing high-speed moving images. Currently, this driving structure has been applied to the TFT-LCD panels of Sony's new flagship TVs, with dynamic clarity reaching 1200 lines, an increase of 50% compared to the previous generation product.
Structural innovation not only enhances the picture quality but also extends the application of TFT color screens to special scenarios. In the automotive display field, Shentianma has developed the "special-shaped cutting + multi-layer bonding" structure, which solves the problem that traditional color screens cannot be adapted to curved central consoles. The flexible PI substrate and inorganic encapsulation layer it adopts can achieve a bending radius of 120°. At the same time, through the optimization of the interlayer optical adhesive, the screen's impact resistance is improved by three times, meeting the strict requirements of the automotive environment. According to data, the shipment volume of automotive TFT color screens using this structure is expected to exceed 15 million pieces in 2025, with a year-on-year growth of 67%.
However, structural innovation still faces cost challenges. "The cost of transforming the production line for the diamond-shaped pixel structure is 20% higher than that of the traditional line, and the procurement cost of color film materials has also increased by 15%," noted industry analyst Li Na. Currently, only three domestic enterprises have achieved mass production of the new color screen structure. Small and medium-sized manufacturers find it difficult to follow suit due to technical barriers and financial pressure. In response, the policy level has released supportive signals. The "Development Plan for the Electronic Information Manufacturing Industry (2025-2030)" clearly includes the core structure technology of TFT color screens in the key research and development list, and encourages enterprises to carry out collaborative research and development with universities.
With the continuous advancement of technology, structural innovations are accelerating their penetration into fields such as consumer electronics and medical displays. BOE has disclosed that the high-resolution TFT color screens developed for the medical imaging field have enhanced the gray scale level to 16,384 levels by optimizing the pixel opening rate structure, enabling precise restoration of the minute lesions in medical images. Hua Xing Optoelectronics has adopted the "Mini LED backlight + zone control light" structure in its 8K ultra-high-definition TFT color screens, achieving an ultra-high contrast ratio of 100,000:1. These innovative achievements indicate that the structural optimization of TFT color screens is shifting from a single-dimensional improvement to multi-dimensional system integration, driving the display industry into a new era of "structure defining quality".
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