As the core category of the global display industry, LCD displays have continuously held the dominant position in various market segments such as televisions, monitors, vehicle-mounted terminals, and medical devices due to their cost advantages and wide adaptability. However, recent visits by journalists to industry enterprises and technical institutions revealed that technical and industrial pain points such as screen defects, manufacturing process flaws, and profit pressure still constrain the high-quality development of the industry. Meanwhile, innovative measures such as the popularization of laser repair technology and breakthroughs in field sequence display technology are injecting new momentum into the LCD industry's breakthrough.
Currently, LCD displays still face numerous technical challenges in the terminal usage and production manufacturing processes, becoming the key bottleneck affecting user experience and industry efficiency. In terminal application scenarios, phenomena such as completely non-functional screens, flickering or flashing screens, bright lines and dark bands, bright spots and dark spots, and residual shadows and color deviations occur frequently. These issues are caused by multiple reasons such as power module failures, poor contact of signal lines, aging backlight systems, and damaged panel wiring. Data from the Electronic Enthusiasts Network shows that panel-related faults such as bright lines and dark bands account for over 35% of LCD terminal rework. Most of these are related to poor contact of panel wiring, T-Con board failures, or physical damage, and some faults, due to their high repair difficulty, often result in the direct of terminal products.
In the production manufacturing end, process defects have become the core factor restricting the yield of LCD panels. The LCD panel manufacturing process covers multiple complex links such as array, packaging, and module assembly. Any minor deviation in any link can lead to product failure. Defects such as circuit short circuits, abnormal orientation of liquid crystal molecules, and overflow of frame sealing glue are quite common. In traditional processes, such defective panels are mostly disposed of directly, which not only increases production costs but also causes material waste. Industry analysis indicates that production lines that do not adopt effective repair technologies have a LCD panel scrap rate of 10%-15%, significantly reducing the profit space of enterprises.
In response to technical pain points, the large-scale application of laser repair technology has become an important breakthrough for the industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency. This technology, with its high precision, non-contact nature, and low damage, can specifically repair minor defects in various links such as array, packaging, and module assembly, converting defective panels into qualified products. It is reported that for circuit short circuit defects in the array manufacturing process, precise cutting with infrared nanosecond laser can cut off the abnormal conducting circuits, reducing the defect rate in this link by more than 30%； for the dark band problem in the packaging manufacturing process, low-energy scanning with ultraviolet laser can assist in the reorientation of liquid crystal molecules, effectively reducing the scrap rate. Currently, leading enterprises such as BOE and TCL Huaxing have integrated laser repair equipment into their production lines, forming a "inspection-repair-recheck" closed-loop process, which can increase the overall process yield of LCD panels by 5%-15% and reduce the production cost of individual panels by 10%-20%.
In addition to the optimization of process repair technology, the innovation of underlying display technology is opening up new space for the LCD industry. Currently, domestic enterprises dominate over 70% of the global LCD market share, but the industry still faces challenges such as insufficient technological innovation and profit pressure. Field sequence display technology has become the key breakthrough to solve this predicament. According to Wang Shenhai, the founder of Tengpu Display, traditional LCD uses spatial RGB sub-pixels to mix colors for imaging, while field sequence display technology removes the color filter and uses the sequential superposition of red, green, and blue and the visual persistence effect to form full-color images, with advantages such as high light transmittance, low energy consumption, and low manufacturing costs. Currently, this technology has broken through the core limitation of liquid crystal response speed, and large-sized prototypes are expected to be launched by the end of March, with key focus on four high-demand scenarios such as televisions, monitors, vehicles, and others.
Industry experts say that the LCD industry is not a "dying industry", but rather continues to thrive through technological iteration. Academician Ouyang Zhongcan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out that various display technology routes have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the future, based on the differentiated advantages of scenarios, there will be ecological differentiation. LCD, with its cost and adaptability advantages, will still occupy an important position in the mid-to-low-end terminals and professional scenarios for a long time. Currently, leading domestic enterprises are accelerating their technological layout. BOE is promoting the upgrade of high-colority and low-reflection LCD technology, TCL Star is focusing on breakthroughs in vehicle-mounted and large-screen LCD products, Shenzhen Tianma is deeply involved in the vehicle-mounted LCD sector, and combined with laser repair and field sequence display technology breakthroughs, it is expected to drive the LCD industry to leap from leading in scale to leading in technology and market simultaneously.
However, technological innovation still faces multiple challenges. Chen Shenyu, a manager from CIC Research and Insights, analyzed that the commercialization of field sequence display technology needs to solve problems such as yield improvement and supply chain support. The popularization of laser repair technology relies on high-precision equipment and professional operators. Industry insiders call on relevant enterprises to increase investment in core technology research and development, strengthen upstream and downstream collaboration, improve the technical standard system, and promote the LCD industry to continuously transform towards higher profits, higher technology, and higher added value.
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